HA1 Task 1 – Technical Glossary

·         Pixel

Short for Picture Element, a pixel is a single point in a graphic image. Graphics monitors display pictures by dividing the display screen into thousands (or millions) of pixels, arranged in rows and columns. The pixels are so close together that they appear connected. The quality of a display system largely depends on its resolution, how many pixels it can display, and how many bits are used to represent each pixel.

                                                                                                  http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/pixel.html       

This example shows an image with a portion greatly enlarged, in which the individual pixels are rendered as small squares and can easily be seen.

  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel                                                                                                       

·         Colour Models – RGB and CMYK

There are two types of colour models RGB (red, green and blue) for computer displays and CMYK ( cyan, magenta, yellow and black) for printed art.

image link: www.m-graphix.com

The CMYK color model (process color, four color) is a subtractive color model, used in color printing, and is also used to describe the printing process itself

The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMYK_color_model

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model

·         Resolution

The display resolution of a digital television, computer monitor or display device is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. It can be an ambiguous term especially as the displayed resolution is controlled by different factors in cathode ray tube (CRT), flat-panel display which includes liquid-crystal displays, or projection displays using fixed picture-element (pixel) arrays.

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_resolution

The standard way to classify TV resolution is with numbers like 480i, 720p, 1080i and 1080p. The bigger the number, the greater the screen resolution. 

source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/how-to-tech/how-to-connect-computer-to-tv1.htm

Image resolution is the detail an image holds. The term applies to raster digital images, film images, and other types of images. Higher resolution means more image detail.

Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Basically, resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_resolution

image source: www.holmpage.com

www.bloggs74.com






Raster Images: file formats and uses - psd, bmp, gif, tiff, jpg, png

www.printcnx.com

Most images you see on your computer screen are raster graphics. Pictures found on the Web and photos you import from your digital camera are raster graphics. They are made up of grid of pixels, commonly referred to as a bitmap. The larger the image, the more disk space the image file will take up. 

www.techterms.com/definition/rastergraphic

PSD is Photoshop's native file format, sometimes it's called PDD. PSD or PDD is a widely accepted file format. PSD supports all available image modes

www.coolutils.com/Formats/PSD

the BMP file format is capable of storing 2D digital images of arbitrary width, height, and resolution, both monochrome and color, in various color depths, and optionally with data compression, alpha channels, and color profiles.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format

GIFs are based on indexed colors, which is a palette of at most 256 colors. This helps greatly reduce their file size. These compressed image files can be quickly transmitted over a network or the Internet, which is why you often see them on Web pages

http://www.techterms.com/definition/gif

The TIFF format is widely supported by image-manipulation applications, by publishing and page layout applications, and by scanning, faxing, word processing, optical character recognition and other applications

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format

JPEG compression is used in a number of image file formats. JPEG/Exif is the most common image format used by digital cameras and other photographic image capture devices; along with JPEG/JFIF, it is the most common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on the World Wide Web

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG

PNG supports palette-based images (with palettes of 24-bit RGB or 32-bit RGBA colors), grayscale images (with or without alpha channel), and full-color non-palette-based RGB[A] images (with or without alpha channel).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics

·         Vector Images: file formats and uses - eps, wmf, fla, svg, ai

Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygons—all of which are based on mathematical expressions—to represent images in computer graphics. Vector graphics are based on vectors (also called paths), which lead through locations called control points or nodes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphics

vectormagic.com

Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) is a DSC-conforming PostScript document with additional restrictions which is intended to be usable as a graphics file format. In other words, EPS files are more-or-less self-contained, reasonably predictable PostScript documents that describe an image or drawing and can be placed within another PostScript document.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript

Windows Metafile (WMF) is an image file format originally designed for Microsoft Windows in the 1990s. Windows Metafiles are intended to be portable between applications and may contain both vector graphics and bitmap components. It acts in a similar manner to SVG files.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Metafile

Files that contain the .fla file extension are files that are used by the Adobe Flash application. The Adobe Flash application was previously referred to as Macromedia Flash. Adobe Systems acquired Macromedia in 2005

http://file.org/extension/fla

SVG images and their behaviors are defined in XML text files. This means that they can be searched, indexed, scripted, and compressed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics

The AI file format was originally a native format called PGF. PDF compatibility is achieved by embedding a complete copy of the PGF data within the saved PDF format file. This format is not related to .pgf using the same name Progressive Graphics Format

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork

·         Cross-platform Images: format and uses - pdf

Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format

·         Compression - lossy and lossless

compression is when you make a file smaller to save space on your computer there is two ways of doing this Lossless and Lossy this is the difference  

. In information technology, "lossy" compression is the class of data encoding methods that uses inexact approximations (or partial data discarding) for representing the content that has been encoded. Such compression techniques are used to reduce the amount of data that would otherwise be needed to store, handle, and/or transmit the represented content. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossy_compression

Lossless compression is used in cases where it is important that the original and the decompressed data be identical, or where deviations from the original data could be deleterious. Typical examples are executable programs, text documents, and source code. Some image file formats, like PNG or GIF, use only lossless compression, while others like TIFF and MNG may use either lossless or lossy methods.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_compression

·         Image Capture Devices – scanner, digital camera, tablet/smartphone



Instead of film, a digital camera has a sensor that converts light into electrical charges. The image sensor employed by most digital cameras is a charge coupled device (CCD). Some cameras use complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology instead.

1. electronics.howstuffworks.com/cameras.../digital/digital-camera2.htm
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   The chemical component in a traditional camera isfilm. Essentially, when you expose film to a real image, it makes a chemical record of the pattern of light.

   It does this with a collection of tiny light-sensitive grains, spread out in a chemical suspension on a strip of plastic. When exposed to light, the grains undergo a chemical reaction.

   Once the roll is finished, the film is developed -- it is exposed to other chemicals, which react with the light-sensitive grains. In black and white film, the developer chemicals darken the grains that were exposed to light. This produces a negative, where lighter areas appear darker and darker areas appear lighter, which is then converted into a positive image in printing.
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http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/camera3.htm

Optimising

in optimizing is when you are making a image for example better however it depends on what you are doing whit it as if you are making a pitcher for redit you need to edit it to make it cleaner and improved sized for the page

Optimising a graphic means
• Converting an image file to a type that can display in a web page
• Reducing the file size of an image so that it is small enough to be
easily sent or received electronically e.g. downloaded as part of a web
page.
http://www.nigelbuckner.com/downloads/handouts/web/Optimising%20graphics.pdf




Storage and Asset Management

Digital asset management (DAM) consists of management tasks and decisions surrounding the ingestion, annotation, cataloguing, storage, retrieval and distribution of digital assets. Digital photographs, animations, videos and music exemplify the target areas of media asset management (a sub-category of DAM). Digital asset management systems (DAMS) include computer software and hardware systems that aid in the process of digital asset management.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_asset_management